... downhole in the well to the processing plant. Characterization of the emulsion samples depicts high asphaltenes content (10 wt%), composed of ionizable groups such as carboxylic acid, high water cut, high formation water salinity (> 150, 000 ppm Ca2+ with pH ˜6). Since change in the water cut changes...

... operations to save fresh water and improve water sustainability. A synthetic high salinity oily produced water with overall salinity of more than 100,000 ppm was used. Searching effective chemicals and optimizing their dosages for PW treatment were based on measurements of oil-water separation time, floc...

... and gas industry consumes substantial volumes of fresh water and salts for various oilfield applications. At the same time, large volumes of various high-salinity brine streams are produced during the production of oil and gas. These produced water streams, not being utilized for any other applications...

... Salinity 30,000 – 250,000 ppm Water cut percentage 0-30 % Porosity and permeability > 12 % and > 10 md (milli-darcy) Completion types open /cased hole Type of artificial lift mechanism none, PCP, ESP, SRP Net pay of treatment zone > 10 ft Table 2 Well 1 data...

... in the targeted facilities were estimated to contribute to 0.34% of the overall gas assets power demand. The rest of the PW is relocated to neighbouring oil assets to use in water injection for EOR. The quality of water in K and S was found to be very high in salinity and contaminated with NORM by more than...

... Zone 4.1 39 1,7 5,3 1,2 429,4 0,03 Zone 4 94 1,4 5,1 0,7 281,0 0,02 Table 4 Calculation of the amount of extraction of salts and trace elements from studied brines. Zone Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4.1 Zone 4 Salinity (TDS), g...

... requirement of 200cP.Best gel consistency results were obtained using a 2%KCl brine and Mix Water, leading to a rigid gel. It was in addition possible to delay gelation for several days depending on the concentrations of the products and brine salinity. Accelerated ageing tests confirmed the excellent gel...

... role of factors like salinity, pH and temperature. This research contributes to improved H 2 S management strategies in ZLD systems, ensuring environmental safety, better project planning and operational efficiency. Model Overview: Statement Of Theory And Definitions Introduction...