.... These stubborn mineral deposits, which often consist of compounds like calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, and strontium sulfate, can accumulate on the interior surfaces of wellbores and downhole equipment, leading to a range of operational issues. The formation of inorganic scales reduces productivity...

... casing space for Rat-hole Feet 175 --- Rat-hole Volume Gallon 533 Gallon or 2,017 Liters Table 5 Identification of formation Scale name based on mineral type Mineral Type Scale Type Calcite Calcium carbonate Barite Barium sulfate Halite Sodium chloride Gypsum...

... copyright. remediation of hydrates scale inhibition mineral chemical treatment conformance improvement flow assurance asphaltene inhibition pvt measurement geologist asphaltene remediation hydrate inhibition wax inhibition enhanced recovery drilling fluids and materials oilfield...

.... Chemical cleaning with acids to remove mineral scale, caustic with detergents to remove many various adsorbed organics and biocides such as bleach to remove microbes before the formation of biofilms have all been used ( Medina, 2020 ). Mechanical vibrations, ultrasound, electrical fields as well...

... retentate, and mining slurries. An example is production water that is reintroduced into a producing reservoir. Such water may be filtered for minerals, small mining and hydrocarbon solids, and other impurities that may clog formation pores, and then be reintroduced into the formation through an injection...

... concentration cod pollutant ozonation process mineral wastewater hydrogen sulphide bioreactor sludge sour disposal water oilfield chemistry waste management ozone compound figure processing plant References References Clemens V.S. , Gertraud M. , and Sergej N. 2011...

... such as reservoir reinjection for pressure maintenance, are becoming an increasing burden for the environment. From a societal and governance perspective, an economical Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) process coupled with mineral recovery is the most sustainable path to follow. Several existing water treatment...

... subdiscipline reduction society compatibility produced water discharge mineral natural language reuse petroleum engineer hvfr chemistry reduce freshwater demand polyethylene oxide friction reducer freshwater viscosity friction reduction leveraging produced water operation viscosity friction...

... to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of SPE copyright. geologist concentration geology bead mineral polystyrene plasma ps bead ion-exchange resin produced water discharge resin efficiency preparation...

.... In waterflood operations, the first crucial step is achieving the desired water quality for injection. This requires a tailored approach based on specific reservoir characteristics like mineral composition, temperature, pressure, and microbial ecosystems. The treatment process typically includes, as illustrated...

... hardness of APO Well Water to make it suitable for Steam generation. The processes involve removal of suspended solids, traces of oil and dissolved minerals from water. Quality of boiler (steam generator) feedwater is of critical importance in steam injection projects. Field experience indicates that most...

.... The goal of the treatment is to remove only minerals that hinder the development of crosslinked fluid or cause scale buildup in wells. During this evaluation, it was observed that the content of cations, such as barium, calcium, and iron, in the reservoir water demand low contents of anions (i.e., sulfates...

... of the treated water and ensure oil is removed to the levels required by defined water quality specification for the recovered and ready to be reused water. Despite that the original feed wastewater coming from sour water system have some traces of Calcium, it is not enough as minimum mineral requirement...

... and that it does not produce scale when mixed with the water of the receiving formation. That it does not affect the clay minerals of the formation due to sensitivity. That it does not contain large amounts of suspended solids and fats and oils that can block the receiving porous system...

... the studied wells revealed significant potential. An inherent advantage of utilizing produced waters as a source of mineral raw materials lies in the cost-effectiveness of the product. Additionally, there is no need for the construction of additional production wells or expensive mining developments...

... to present the findings from a collective produced water reinjection (PWRI) feasibility assessment for selected Malaysian oilfields. The main constituents of produced water consist of dissolved and dispersed oil and gas compounds, dissolved formation minerals, production chemical compounds and production...

... on pressure and temperature ξ x = constant based on water composition k_H : Henry's Law constant, representing the solubility of a gas in a liquid. mineral geology produced water discharge solubility geologist salinity divalent ion concentration hydrogen sulfide interaction...

... and may consist of a combination of mineral salts, organic compounds, hydrocarbons, organic acids, waxes, and oils. Additionally, it may include inorganic metals, other inorganic components, naturally occurring radioactive material, chemical additives, as well as other constituents and byproducts...

...) previously demonstrated this concept by showing that a similarly restored SK chalk core using oil without POCs produced 75%OOIP in less than 120 minutes using FW as the imbibing brine, as a result of strongly water-wet mineral surfaces. In contrast, Puntervold et al. (2022) presented the results from...