... coming from reservoir such as Chlorides, Sulfate, Bicarbonate etc. All such constituents make the produced water highly corrosive in nature and mandate appropriate material selection and corrosion management which may lead to increase in CAPEX by using exotic material and associated increase in cost...

... discusses the several challenges faced in the newly installed Produced Water Treatment (PWT) Unit, to treat sour produced water to the specification of disposal into aquifers and how they were overcome to maintain Business continuity. Problems faced include severe corrosion in carbon steel piping...

... generators downtime is caused by water treatment performance concerns, hence operating outside water quality specification results in damaging mechanisms of the boiler tubes i.e., corrosion and scaling deposition. Maintaining safe operation of Amal boilers has come with huge annual OPEX Cost of >40...