... ensemble mean standard enkf log-permeability field Update Step training image realization assimilation reservoir simulation ensemble member vector matrix ensemble Kalman filter Introduction The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been established as an efficient method for data...

... geostatistics. The procedure is demonstrated on two examples, one with a multi-Gaussian permeability field, one with a channel sand, and is shown to prevent ensemble collapse while also honoring geostatistical properties much better compared to the standard EnKF/EnS. Reservoir Characterization Upstream...

... constraints on phase saturations. The proposed method is able to achieve a better estimate of reservoir properties than is obtained using only truncation with the standard EnKF. reservoir simulation objective function iteration optimization problem constraint model variable history matching...

... kernels (KEnKF), capable of representing non-Gaussian random fields characterized by multi-point geostatistics. In this work, we further extend the KEnKF to efficiently handle constraints on the state and other variables of the simulation model, arising from physical or other reasons. In the standard EnKF...

... capacity and can therefore lead to better reservoir management and optimization. In this work, we propose and formulate a generalized EnKF using kernels, capable of representing non-Gaussian random fields characterized by multi-point geostatistics. The main drawback of the standard EnKF is that the Kalman...

... data. geological modeling Reservoir Characterization reservoir simulation bottom hole pressure reservoir property Upstream Oil & Gas porosity application machine learning history matching heterogeneity production data geologic modeling Artificial Intelligence standard enkf...

... and field applications. reservoir simulation history matching covariance matrix information Artificial Intelligence standard enkf Upstream Oil & Gas model parameter ensemble size permeability streamline covariance localization reservoir model reservoir characterization production...