... determination non-eor project royalty alberta procedure equation waterflooding agreement royalty region 2 before-and after-income-tax value crown royalty economic limit upstream oil & gas energy agreement On Sept. 1, 1981, the "Memorandum of Agreement between the Government of Canada...

...A. L. Bunge; C. J. Radke When reservoir solids reversibly consume hydroxide, the impact on alkaline-waterflood performance can be significant. Only recently has this reaction been recognized as a principal factor influencing oil recovery rates and chemical-pulse depletion. This paper considers...

... includes (1) comparisons of the numerical model's results with previously reported laboratory physical models' results for steam and combustion and (2) analytical solutions to a hot waterflood problem. In addition, an actual field-scale history match is presented for a single-well steam stimulation problem...

...Noaman El-Khatib A mathematical model is developed for waterflooding performance in linear stratified systems for both cases of non-communicating layers with no crossflow and communicating layers with complete crossflow. The model accounts for variation of porosity and saturation in addition...

... waterflooding of a moderately deep reservoir, horizontal earth stresses may be reduced by several hundred psi. If the injection pressure is too high or if suspended solids in the water plug the formation face at the perforations, the formation will be fractured hydraulically. As the fracture grows, the flow...

... have found that for field applications, a numerical grid fine enough to represent waterflood performance accurately is usually sufficient for representing CO 2 -miscible-type processes as well. The program automatically employs a stabilized Runge-Kutta time discretization to alleviate the usual...

...A. A. Reznik; Robert M. Enick; Sudhir B. Panvelker Analytically exact and continuous solutions are developed for the space-time relationships of a linear waterflood in a vertically stratified reservoir model. The solutions represent simple extensions of the analytical, but discrete, spatial...

... of continuous oil were lower than values for mobilization of discontinuous oil for down to 50% of normal waterflood residual. Thereafter, capillary number relationships for the two types of displacement were indistinguishable. Conditions for complete recovery of residual oil correspond to values of ( k w Δ P/Lσ...

...Jeffrey R. Bacon; Robert H. Kempthorne A technique has been developed to estimate the potential effects of directionally drilled wellbore orientation on pattern waterflood oil recovery in anisotropically fractured reservoirs. The technique attempts to quantify the tradeoff between drilling...

... to long cores and to two-phase flow. Combination with classical Buckley-Leverett waterflooding theory then permits transient displacement calculations. Before outlining the theory, we present the experimental procedures. The oil used in the emulsion is a neutrally buoyant mixture of a low-viscosity...

... as the minimization of the chemical cost and maximization of upstream oil & gas saturation waterflooding chemical flooding methods enhanced oil recovery enhanced recovery optimal injection policy costate equation dimensionless distance capillary number artificial intelligence boundary condition...

...T. K. Perkins; J. A. Gonzalez Pressure and temperature gradients are created around wellbores during waterflooding or when fluids are injected in connection with any other secondary or tertiary recovery process. These gradients result in changes in earth stresses, which in turn cause hydraulic...

... well injector superiority well pattern enhanced recovery waterflooding susceptibility total well pattern coefficient withdrawal rate inverted nine-spot pattern reservoir upstream oil & gas injection well water management pattem-type water-injection well network nine-spot pattern...

... be accommodated readily. Three different correlations have been implemented with the method. These include simplified correlations as well as a Redlich-Kwong equation of state (EOS). The example problems considered are (1) a conventional waterflood problem, (2) displacement of oil by CO 2 , and (3...

... output variable constraint waterflooding equation reservoir surveillance fluid dynamics production monitoring flow in porous media petroleum engineer journal production control modeling & simulation kpa This investigation demonstrates the application of linear programming to a set...

... interface interfacial potential adsorption equation crude oil caustic solution surface pressure waterflooding naoh concentration energy barrier emulsification aqueous phase crude enhanced recovery concentration equilibrium constant IFT in acidic crude/alkali systems plays an important...

... in water. Because hardness cations are sparingly soluble and precipitate in alkaline solutions, such solutions may be more efficient as surfactant-flood preflushes than are softened brines. Multivalent ion precipitation may also occur in alkaline waterflooding. To permit design of such processes...

...Todd M. Doscher; Siavash Gharib The displacement of waterflood residual oil by a solvent drive has been studied with scaled physical models of a line drive. This work was a first step in an overall study of the displacement of residual oil by CO 2 . Some results of the subsequent study...

..., Society of Petroleum Engineers experiment relation surfactant formulation chemical flooding methods volumetric linear scaling waterflood surfactant interpretation coreflood characterization upstream oil & gas slug size enhanced recovery surfactant slug size field core residual oil...

...D. L. Tiffin; W. F. Yellig Miscible gas flooding using an alternate gas/water injection process (AGWIP) is presently being applied for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in several waterflooded reservoirs. 1 – 4 A mobile-water saturation in the vicinity of the miscible displacement front can occur...