... and damping of the GBS will result in attenuation of the applied load and only some fraction of it may “reach” the foundation. This paper addresses this issue in a preliminary manner using stiffness and mass parameters appropriate for the Molikpaq as it was installed at Amauligak in 1986. frequency...

... This paper presents the predictions of ice loads on a moored hull, based on model experiments and numerical simulations. Three levels of mooring stiffness were considered, which varied from an almost infinitely stiff system (used for ship resistance) to a mooring stiffness typical of those used...

... are described which take into account the mooring stiffness and lead to more realistic loads for the anchors in the rare event of an iceberg impact. subsea system mooring system upstream oil & gas ice spring momentum energy equation iceberg impact impact force hull spring constant lumped mass...