An Extreme Value Analysis of Local Ice Pressures Available to Purchase

Full-scale data that was obtained on a lighthouse in the Baltic Sea is used to obtain extreme values of local pressures. A modification of the conventional Gumbel method of extreme value analysis is applied in this paper. The data that was available for the analysis shows that the ice pressure due to ice crushing decreases with an increase of the ice thickness. Therefore, a transformation was made to obtain a normalized set of maximum pressures such that the data values to be used in the extreme value analysis do not depend on the ice thickness. Maximum values were evaluated both for annual pressures and for extreme pressures that correspond to return periods of 50 and 100 years.