...) identified three curves based on amplitude versus offset for gas-saturated reflections. They are AVO Class 1, 2, and 3 anomalies. In this study, we focus on AVO Class 2 anomalies where the seismic amplitudes from gas reservoirs increase with offset. For the equivalent water-saturated reservoir, the amplitude...

...-property transforms to estimate water saturation. However, this technique requires that the down- dip wet zone is available and that it has the same rock type and porosity as the prospect. Multi-component seismic technique seems to be a promising solution (Hardage et al., 2006), but for numerous reasons...

... parameter, but it requires that refracted waves are recorded. The amplitude versus offset is expected to be a powerful prediction technique in the future, but at the present time more development is needed. This technique also has the potential of estimating the saturation under favourable conditions...

... available, NIP, NID, NIRIG and NITOTAL (the sum of NIP and NID) were calculated at 200-ft depth intervals. NI total versus NI rock-property reflectivities In Figure 2, NI rock-property reflectivities are plotted as a function of NITOTAL for water-, oil-, gas- and fizz-saturated reservoirs. The depth...

... reservoirs. Plotting wettability versus Sw indicate that high oil saturations are usually associated with strong oil wet character, intermediate S o is associated with mixed wet character and low So is associated with strong water wet character. When oil enters the pore spaces of carbonate rocks...

... ABSTRACT Recent advances in seismic-constrained reservoir characterization combine statistical rock-physics and amplitude versus offset/angle (AVO/AVA) inversion in order to directly estimate petrophysical properties such as porosity, shaliness and water saturation from pre-stack seismic data...

... hydrocarbon saturated and water bearing reservoirs with a minimum of 60% ratio difference. The inverted fluid bulk modulus volume provides thus a direct assessment of areas with high probability of hydrocarbon saturation. Results, Observations, Conclusions In this paper, the fBMI technique is showcased...

... produced in the dry gas region. MORB - mid-ocean ridge basalt. URTeC 5195 9 Figure10. 20Ne/36Ar versus 84Kr/36Ar for five Marcellus Formation gases produced in the dry gas region. ASW is air-saturated water. Figure 11. Plots of 13C1 versus 13C2 (left top) and of 13C2 versus 13C3 (left bottom...

.... Some attributes are generated post stack by mathematical transformations (Tanerl et al, 1979; Sonneland2 et al, 1990). These include instantaneous phase and fre- quency, dip and azimuth, reflection heterogeneity and intensity. Other attributes are based on prestack analy- sis of travel time versus...

... speci- men. 127 a) Figure 4. a) Water content evolution versus time. b) Saturation degree versus time. The saturation degree decreases during the desic- cation process. This variation is brutal for the rein- forced specimen. This is due to the surface of con- tact with air, which is more important...

... of the fluid is excluded (Zoeppritz response). Note that for changes in viscosity values associated with water saturation to viscosity values for gas saturation, the reflectivity drops from about 0.106 to 0.093 a drop of about 14%. Such a result might be observable in actual seismic reflection data. Figure 1...

... of water saturation distribution, wS , at various distances from injector well versus injection program duration has been created from simulation results. A case for water-wet wettability system is shown in Figure 5 (a) and (b). For distribution plot covering the first 20 days of injection, see Figure 5...

...-function to correlate capillary pressure (P3, interfacial tension ((5 ), in addition to permeability (K) and porosity (cp ) of the porous rock. He found from the results of his experiments that a dimensionless group of the form pplo*dwq)] versus water saturation (S,) gives two satisfactory but closed...

... between a nondispersive medium (air-saturated) and a dispersive medium (gas-, oil- and water-saturated) or between two dispersive media, based on diffusive-viscous theory (Korneev et al., 2004). We also show variations of velocity dispersion and attenuation versus frequency and compare the reflection...

... near surface interference problems, bed thickness versus resolution restrictions, facies conditions including the presence or absence of coals, and low gas saturation. To date, a fairly high degree of success has been obtained in predicting the presence of hydrocarbons in non-coaly environments up...

..., the critical angle of incidence is 10.3°, corresponding 1213SEG/San Antonio 2007 Annual Meeting AVO variations related to partial water saturation to a critical offset of 0.85 m, and angles greater than this will yield a reflection coefficient of 1.0. Figure 5 shows plots of the relative amplitude versus CMP...

... ABSTRACT With the onset of oil generation in organic-rich, low-porosity shales, nonconductive petroleum begins to replace conductive pore water. As this process continues, formation resistivity increases from low levels typical of water-saturated shales and can reach hundreds of ohm-m...

... fluid contact malay basin reservoir characterization geophysicist amplitude seismic data 48 accumulation dhis dhi analysis water contact application hydrocarbon hydrocarbon accumulation thickness seismic example upstream oil & gas epmi geophysicist reflection gas sand freo...

... attributes including travel times and reflection coefficients (RCs). For a range of water saturation and pore pressure, Multicomponent (MC) seismic, i.e., P-P, P-SV, and SH-SH, travel times trough and RCs at top of the reservoir segment have been calculated. Then, we computed changes in travel times and RCs...

... Summary High-resolution seismic reflection between wells provides images of the subsurface about one order of magnitude greater than surface seismic reflection. Cross-well seismic images outline the zones of high matrix porosity and permeability that are associated with high water production...