... TDS in ppm were equivalent to the EC in micromhos/cm. By and large, the aquifer is frIlly saturated and possesses excellent hydrogeologic properties. Formations that bound this aquifer contain multiple shale layers with insitu water that usually has higher TDS concentrations than the OAS water...

... at high pH. Reduction of permeability of 12 to 21%were observed during the injectionof completion fluids with pH>11. completion fluid 1 micromho 10000 permeability sandstone core plug completion fluid 2 high temperature gas well precipitation calcium carbonate brine completion fluids...

... Specific Gravity at 60F 1.1406 1.1395 1.1092 1.0967 Conductivity at 25°C >10000 Micromhos >10000 Micromhos/ >10000 Micromhos/ >10000 Micromhos/ Sodium 77,915 78,638 66,962 20,615 Calcium 525 463 380 21266 Magnesium 159 133 <1 2918 Potassium 99 153 80...

... and materials steam cycle remediation land reclamation contingency planning steam system penetration water management Completion Installation and Operations drilling fluid formulation flow rate chloride recirculation micromho vacuum boilout salt water intrusion Pendant economizer vacuum tank...

... >10000 Micromhos Micromhos Micromhos Sodium 77915 78638 66962 Calcium 525 463 380 Magnesium 159 133 <1 Potassium 99 153 80 Aluminum <10 <10 <10 Total Iron <1 <1 <1 Silicon <10 <10 <10 Barium <1 <1 <1 Strontium...

... and analyzed, and a conductivity controller maintains water concentration at 4,000 micromhos/cm. Table 1 lists the water chemistries for these tests. Table 1 Water Chemistry for Laboratory Tests Control PPS Attribute Make-up Chemistry Ratio Chemistry Ratio Conductivity micromhos/cm 427 4,000 9.4 4,000 9.4 Ca...

... internal isolation, so external isolation of both the power and communications lines were provided. The transmitters were wired in parallel on the isolated side so that they were not isolated from each other. It was thought that the low conductivity of the potable water (400-700 micromhos/cm) would prevent...

... micromhos per cm - pH - 8.8-9.2 - temperature - 300°F (149%) -oxygen - <lo ppb -pressure - 2,000 psi (13.8 MPa) Time in Service - 40 years Sample Specification - 9 (23 cm) outside diameter carbon steel elbow Examinations of the internal surfaces of this specimen revealed smooth, rolling, wave-like contours...

... analysis of water samples obtained from well A, B and C. Ions Well A Well B Well C Bicarbonate Calcium Carbonate Chloride Conductivity at 25 o C Hydroxide Magnesium pH Sodium Specific Gravity Sulfate Total Dissolved Solids 369 mg/l 634 mg/l 0 mg/l 8129 mg/l >10000 micromhos 0 mg/l 120 mg/l 6.7 mg/l 4972 mg...

... be written as: P=P,C where 6" 1s termed the formation factor, containing 4 the porosity, and the cementation factor. In this case, the formation factor is calculated to range from 12.7 to 16.9. A specific conductance measure- ment on the formation water from a nearby well yielded 8250 micromhos/centimeter...

... Alkalinity as CaCO3, ppm !Sulfate as SO4, ppm Chloride as CI, ppm Silica as SiO2, ppm Total Poiy~et, Absorbance THPS Biocide, ppm Ortho Phosphate as PO4, ppm pH Specific conductance, micromhos 25°C Corrater Corrosion, Steel Mils Per Year Total Iron aS Fe, pi0m Total Copper as Cu, ppm Azole as Tolytriazole...

... as Fe) 5.5 2.0 1.1 0.1 0.1 Iron, Total (mg/L as Fe) 14 6.0 5.9 6.3 6.8 Miscellaneous pH 6.21 6.41 6.17 6.36 6.37 Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) 397 52 98 50 43 Specific Gravity (g/ml) 1.017 1.012 1.015 1.013 1.017 Conductivity (micromhos) 33,500 38,500...

... 30.00 .00 BiCarbonate (HCO3-) 366.60 61.10 6.00 Sulfate (SO4=) .00 48.80 .00 Chloride (CI-) 43,047.30 35.50 1,212.60 Total Iron (Fe) 7.12 18.60 .38 Total Dissolved Solids 71,784.63 Total Hardness as CaCO3 4,861.35 Conductivity MICROMHOS/CM 102,200 pH...

... must be rinsed. The quality of the rinse water is commonly determined by electrical conductivity, although titration for chloride content is sometimes specified. Industry limits on the conductivity range from 5 to 20 micromhos per centimeter. The volume and pressure of the rinse must be sufficient...

...., "Base of Fresh Ground Water (Approximately 3,000 micromhos/cm) in the San Joaquin Valley, CAIn USGS, 1973. 2. Jaszarowski, J. and Mitchell, D., State of California Division of Oil and Gas, Bakersfield, CAI Personal Communication. 3. Olmsted, P. H. and Davis, G. H., ItGeologic Features and Ground Water...

... 292 185 82 0.0 0.0 125 1.3 190 3.3 113 622 278 200 65 0.0 0.0 111 1.2 260 0.1 0.3 793 CONDUCTIVITY: MICROMHOS/cm@ 25°C R E S I S TI.V I TV : 0 H M M E TE R S @ 2 5 o C 7.2 950 10.8 7.4 1150 8.9 OIL AND GREASES FREON EXTRACTABLES !SOL. & INSOL.I MILLIPORE '!INSOLUBLE! 50 20 PRODUCED WATER INLET...

... Carbonate, mg/L 0 Hydroxide, mg/L 0 Magnesium, mg/L 48 Sodium, mg/L 210 Chloride, mg/L 371 Sulfate, mg/L 270 Total dissolved solids, mg/L 1257 Density @60 °F, g/cm 3 1.0011 pH 8 Total dissolved iron, mg/L 1 Conductivity @ 25°C, 2040 micromhos Well...

..., the appropriate units of resistivity are megohm-thousand feet (MOhm-kft). The reciprocal is called conductivity and has units of micromhos per thousand feet (umho / kft). Alternatively, the conductivity can be expressed in units of microamps per volt-thousand feet (uA/V-kft). This term is often called...

... F), expressed in micromhos per centimeter. It is related to resistivity, expressed in ohm-meters, by the following expression: R, = 10,000 Specific Conductance (4) Turcan s data in Fig. 8 shows an increase of chloride concentration as the TDS con- centration increases. Observations in most areas...

...) has a conductivity of 20 micromho/ cm, or less. In steps 20 and 21, the cations not bound to the clay are removed. Put the sample and the filter paper in a 500 ml Kjeldahl flask. Add 150 ml of distilled water. Add 1 tablespoon of magnesium oxide (MgO) , In this step the magnesium ions will displace...