Fig. 14 SAV-10 (up to 70°C and 10 meq/mL) cross-validation plots using the best performing ML models compared with the empirical model (using 100% of the data). Plots of model vs. truth: ( a ) zero shear rate polymer viscosity ( μ p 0 ), ( b ) time constant ( λ ), and ( c ) shear-thi... More

Fig. 15 SAV-10 (wider range with discontinuities up to 120°C and 40 meq/mL) cross-validation plots using the best performing ML models compared with the empirical model (using 100% of the data). Plots of model vs. truth: ( a ) zero shear rate polymer viscosity ( μ p 0 ), ( b ) time const... More

Fig. 15 Plot of Qv (meq/cm 3 ) versus Porosity (%) for the upper and lower section of the reservoir More

Figure 8 A Piper plot showing the macrocomponent composition (%meq/L) of the ACh formation water according to the data of direct determination at the exploration stage, water extracts from fresh BF rock samples, and dry ACh and BF rock samples. More

Figure 3 (a) MEQ event locations from HypoDD run and (b) SimulPS result (gridded velocity estimates) More

Figure 14 Map of alkali metal to alkaline earth elements expressed in Meq percentage using the equation ((Ca +2 +Mg 2+ )-(Na + +K + ). Sodium to Calcium rich waters appear as blue to red, respectively. Cross hachured pattern indicates 1965 recognized Dammam dump flood area. Sample values posted ne... More

Figure 1 Logarithmic patterns of dissolved ions (meq/L). More

Figure 11 Correlation between the measured cation exchange capacity (meq/mL) and viscosity reduction of the gelling agent polymer. Average values of three different experiments are shown More

Figure 12 Correlation between the calculated cation exchange capacity (meq/mL) and viscosity reduction of the gelling agent polymer. Average values of three different experiments are shown More

Figure 5 Adsorbed cation concentration CEC=0.3 meq/100 g rock at 0.25 PV. More

Figure 4 Viscosity vs shear rate for 0.006 meq/g of Composition 1 in 10, 15, 20, and 25% KCl at 50, 70, and 90°C More

Figure 5 Viscosity vs shear rate for 0.006 meq/g of Composition 2 in 10, 15, and 20% KCl at 50, 70, and 90°C More

Figure 6 Viscosity vs shear rate for 0.006 meq/g of Composition 3 in 7 and 10% KCl at 50, 70, and 90°C More

Figure 7 Viscosity vs shear rate for 0.006 meq/g of Composition 4 in 2 and 4% KCl at 50, 70, and 90°C More

Figure 9 Stochastic simulated MEQ cloud before and after update for experiment 1. (top) Reference MEQ distribution and its corresponding KDE transformation. a). MEQ events distribution, b). KDE transformation (continuous domain). More