Rock characterization serves as an integral component in formation evaluation. Rock-based measurements offer the most tangible and direct means of determining critical reservoir parameters. The need to extract more data from the subsurface has led to an enormous increase in research directed toward understanding the physical and chemical properties of reservoir rocks. Rock characterization has benefitted from recent advances in laboratory methodology, computerization, instrumentation, and technologies borrowed from other industries. The goal of rock characterization is to reduce uncertainty in reservoir evaluation by providing data representative of the reservoir at in situ conditions. These data must be collected quickly and inexpensively. Maximum advantage of this concept is realized only with the full integration of geophysics, petrophysics, geochemistry, and reservoir engineering. Problems of scale, tool resolution, formation anisotropy, reservoir heterogeneities, and accuracy and precision in laboratory testing must be understood in order to build a realistic reservoir model.

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