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Particle-Transfer Between the Cyclone and Accumulator Sections of a Desander

Authors
Charles H. Rawlins (eProcess Technologies)
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2118/191147-PA
Document ID
SPE-191147-PA
Publisher
Society of Petroleum Engineers
Source
SPE Production & Operations
Volume
34
Issue
01
Publication Date
February 2019
Document Type
Journal Paper
Pages
270 - 279
Language
English
ISSN
1930-1855
Copyright
2019.Society of Petroleum Engineers
Disciplines
Keywords
Desander, Produced Water, Apex, Produced Sand, Hydrocyclone
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11 in the last 30 days
110 since 2007
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Summary

The flooded-core solid/liquid hydrocyclone, also called a desander, is often used in the upstream oil and gas industry to separate particulate solids from produced water. A desander incorporates a solid/liquid cyclone with an accumulation chamber connected to the apex. Solids collect in the accumulator for intermittent removal while the overflow is discharged continuously. With a flooded-core and static-liquid volume in the accumulator, the trajectory of a sand particle from the cyclone inlet to the apex is changed, compared with that in an open underflow hydrocyclone classifier. In this project, the transfer of solids from the cyclone to the accumulator section is studied, with emphasis on the limiting flux. The settling of solids from the cyclone to the accumulator follows a turbulent, hindered-settling relationship that can be approximated by models used for sedimentation hoppers. Measurement of the apex-flux rate shows a maximum choke point, beyond which solids will back up into the cyclone section. The limiting inlet solids concentration to reach this choke point is approximately 2 g/L for small-diameter desanders. An apex-flux balancing system is proposed to overcome this flux-rate limitation.

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References

Ditria, J. C. and Hoyack, M. E. 1994. The Separation of Solids and Liquids With Hydrocyclone-Based Technology for Water Treatment and Crude Processing. Presented at the SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference, Melbourne, Australia, 7–10 November. SPE-28815-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/28815-MS.

Green, D. W. and Perry, R. H. 2008. Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, eighth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Hodson, J. E., Childs, G., and Palmer, A. J. 1994. The Application of Specialist Hydrocyclones for Separation and Clean-Up of Solids in the Oil and Gas Industry. Presented at the 26th Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 2–5 May. OTC-7590-MS. https://doi.org/10.4043/7590-MS.

Knowles, S. R., Woods, D. R., and Feuerstein, I. A. 1973. The Velocity Distribution Within a Hydrocyclone Operating Without an Air Core. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 51 (3): 263–271. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450510301.

Lohne, K. 1994. Separation of Solids From Produced Water Using Hydrocyclone Technology. Chemical Engineering. Research and Design 72: 169–175.

Miedema, S. A. and Vlasblom, W. J. 1996. Theory for Hopper Sedimentation. Presented at the 29th Annual Texas A&M Dredging Seminar, New Orleans, June.

Plitt, L. R. 1976. A Mathematical Model of the Hydrocyclone Classifier. CIM Bull. 69 (776): 114–123.

Quian, L., Changlie, D., Jirun, X. et al. 1989. Comparison of the Performance of Water-Sealed and Commercial Hydrocyclones. Int. J. Min. Proc. 25 (3–4): 297–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-7516(89)90024-0.

Rawlins, C. H. and Wang, I. 2000. Design and Installation of a Sand Separation and Handling System for a Gulf of Mexico Oil Production Facility. Presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, 1–4 October. SPE-63041-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/63041-MS.

Rawlins, C. H. 2002. Application of Multiphase Desander Technology to Oil and Gas Production. Paper presented at the BHR 3rd International Conference on Multiphase Technology, Banff, Alberta, Canada, 3–5 June.

Rawlins, C. H. 2013a. Sand Management Methodologies for Sustained Facilities Operations. Presented at the SPE North Africa Technical Conference and Exhibition, Cairo, 15–17 April. SPE-164645-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/164645-MS.

Rawlins, C. H. 2013b. Design of a Cyclonic Solids Jetting Device and Slurry Transport System for Production Systems. Presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, 30 September–2 October. SPE-166118-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/166118-MS.

Richardson, J. F. and Zaki, W. M. 1954. Sedimentation and Fluidisation: Part I. Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng. 32: 35–53.

Svarovsky, L. 1984. Hydrocyclones. Lancaster: Technomic Publishing Co. Inc.

Witbeck, W. O. and Woods, D. R. 1984. Pressure Drop and Separation Efficiency in a Flooded Hydrocyclone. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 62 (1): 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450620114.

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