... as criteria for support selection. For this purpose, project designer must have linked support scheme to tunnel displacement as calculated by numerical methods. For the preparation of this guide, the influence of geotechnical variables in tunnel behavior was established using the finite element method (FEM...

... disturbances and check their independency. Once the characteristic displacement modes are proved to be orthogonal (independent), they are ready for use. Given a tunnel displacement, modal decomposition returns the magnitude of each characteristic displacement modes that together consist the given displacement...