... of the cavern cross section during subsequent excavation stages has been under- , ' taken, primarily to determine the stabilisation characteristics of the rock mass surrounding the excavation The main emphasis has been given to the measurement of point to point displacements using borehole extensometers...

... Characterization classification evaluation excavation support system limestone Artificial Intelligence displacement Bekhme Dam Project excavation stage underground excavation tunnel natural language strength mass classification application rock mass measurement section integral design method...

... on the mechanical behaviours of each shape of the caverns are discussed. laboratory test joint surface discontinuity rock mass mechanics theory net stress ichikawa excavation stage Upstream Oil & Gas kyoya mechanical effect horizontal direction Cauchy stress cavern discontinuous rock mass...

... (approximately 1.5 × span) was chosen to provide a central 10 m section which would be relatively unaffected by endwall restraints. All excavation was by drilling and blasting using hand held equipment. 3 m rounds were drilled for all excavation stages except Stage 4, in which shorter 1.5 m rounds were utilised...