SYNOPSIS:

The three structural varieties of quartzose carboniferous sandstones were experimentally tested in the conditions of conventional triaxial compression at confining pressures of up to 60 MPa. The effect of the confining pressure on the following deformational and strength parameters of the tested rocks were ascertained: threshold and limit of linearity of longitudinal strain, ultimate strength, Young's modulus, strain at failure, ductility, mode of deformation, type of failure, fracture angle and angle of internal friction. The conditions - pressure - of transition of the tested sandstones from the brittle state via the transitional to the ductile one were likewise determined. Analysing the test results, the granulometric characteristics of rocks were considered as well as their porosity and mineral composition. In theoretical analysis, aiming at determining a suitable strength criterion for the tested rocks, twenty empirical, mathematical and physical criteria, expressed in the convention of principal stresses, were considered.

RESUME:

On a soumis trois varietes structurales de grès carbonifères quartzeux aux etudes experimentales en compressions triaxiales de revolution sous pressions de confinement jusqu'environ 60 MPa. On a determine l'influence de la pression de confinement sur les paramètres mecaniques suivants des roches examinees: le seuil et la limite de la linearite des deformations longitudinales, la resistance ultime, le module d'Young, la deformation de rupture, la ductilite, le mode de deformation, le type de rupture, l'angle de fracture et l'angle de frottement interne. On a determine aussi les conditions -pression - de la transition des grès examines d'un etat fragile à un etat transitoire - intermediaire - vers l'etat ductile. En analysant les resultats des recherches on a pris en consideration les proprietes granulometriques des roches, leur porosite et leur composition mineralogique. Dans l'analyse theorique tendant à soumettre les grès examines au critère de rupture convenable, on a considere vingt critères empiriques, mathematiques et physiques exprimes en convention des contraintes principales.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:

Drei strukturelle Varietaten yon Karbonquarzsandsteinen sind den konventionellen dreiaxialen Druckversuchen bei einem Manteldruck bis zu 60 MPa unterzogen worden. Der Einfluβ des Manteldruckes auf die folgenden Verformungs- und Festigkeitsparameter der untersuchten Gesteine wurde ermittelt: Schwelle und Grenze der Linearitat der Langsverformungen, Festigkeitsgrenze, Youngscher Modul, Bruchverformung, Dehnbarkeit, Charakter der Deformation, Typ des Bruches, Bruchwinkel und Winkel der inneren Reibung. Die Bedingungen - Druck - des Überganges der untersuchten Sandsteine vom spröden, ueber den mittleren, bis zum duktilen Zustand, werden ebenfalls beschrieben. Bei der Analyse der Untersuchungsergebnisse wurden die granulometrischen Eigenschaften der Gesteine erwagt, ihre Porositat und ihre Mineralzusammensetzung. Bei der theoretischen Analyse, die hinstrebte, den untersuchten Sandsteinen ein entsprechendes Festigkeitskriterium - Bruchkriterien - unterzuordnen, wurden zwanzig empirische, mathematische und physikalische Kriterien erwagt, die in Konvention der Hauptspannungen bezeichnet werden.

1. INTRODUCTION

Studies on the deformational and strength properties of sedimentary, metamorphic and magmatic rocks in complex states of stress are conducted in the rock mechanics laboratory of the Institute for Design, Construction of Mines and Surface Protection of the Silesian Technical University in order to attend to the needs of mining, geology and geophysics /tectonophysics/. The studies aim at elaborating a general theory of deformation and failure of various kinds of rocks in various conditions of configuration and magnitude of components of triaxial state of stress with special regard to brittle failure, and determination of the conditions of transition of rocks from brittle to ductile state. The purpose is to elaborate a theory of strength and formulate the criteria of failure for various kinds of rocks. In the analysis of test results the aim is to find out the relationships between mechanical properties /characteristics of elasticity, characteristics of plasticity, ductility and the ultimate strength/ and petrographic properties of rocks, including their textural and structural features/size and shape of grains, bedding, porosity/ and mineral composition. Below are presented experimental test results on the deformational and strength properties of three structural varieties of carboniferous sand~ stones from the Rybnik Coal Region /Upper-Silesten Coal Basin/ in the conditions of conventional triaxial compression /б1> б2=б3/at confining pressures /p -б2 - б3/up to about 60 MPa. Among others was determined the effect of confining pressure on the threshold and limit of linearity of longitudinal strain, ultimate strength, Young's modulus, strain at failure, ductility, mode of deformation, type of failure, fracture angle and angle of internal friction. Also the conditions/pressure/of transition of the tested sandstones from brittle into transitional to duotile state were determined. The suitable criteria of failure, expressed in the convention of principal stresses, were found for the tested rocks.

2. EXPERIMENTAL TESTS
2.1 Site and method of taking rock samples

The following three structural varieties of sandstones were tested /cf. Kwaśniewski et al., 1981/:

  1. fine - medium-grained /fm/ PNÍOWEK quartzose sandstone form the Orzesze assize /bed 363-B-samples 3AAA/.

  2. coarse - very coarse-grained /cvc/ JASTRZEBIE quartzose sandstone from the saddle assize /bed 508-B - samples 599HH/.

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