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Production logging in multiphase flow is generally much more difficult than logging in single-phase flow, because the flow system is often complex. The objective of production logging measurements is to determine the fluid production rates from various intervals in a well; in multiphase flow, however, the objective is also to determine the type of fluid produced. Thus, a profile of oil, gas, and water production is the desired result of the production log. As in single-phase logging, the flow profile is inferred from measurements of flow-stream properties in the wellbore at various depth locations.

Production logging in multiphase flow is difficult because the measurements are statistical in nature and because the interpretation methods require uncertain assumptions. Logging-tool responses are often “noisy” because of the stochastic nature of multiphase flow—e.g., even in a so-called steady-state flow, such flow properties as average velocity and holdup will fluctuate with time at any pipe location. In addition to time variations, there are often variations in flow properties across the pipe cross section, particularly if the well is deviated, that further complicate the production logging measurement. Once measurements are obtained, assumptions about the multiphase flow, usually concerning the slip velocity between the phases, must be made to interpret the logs quantitatively.

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