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Production logging in a multiphase flow is much more difficult than logging in a single-phase flow because of the complexity of the multiphase flow. Multiphase flow presents two major difficulties in the measurement of flow-stream properties: the nonuniform distribution of the phases across the pipe and the variation of flow properties with time at any given location in the pipe. Thus, understanding the responses of production logging tools in multiphase flow and their interpretation requires an understanding of multiphase flow itself—e.g., the general structure of two- and three-phase flow, the relative motion of the phases, and other factors that will influence production logging. This chapter summarizes the fundamentals of multiphase flow. For more thorough treatment, refer to Govier and Aziz (1977); Hewitt (1978); Wallis (1969); Al-Safran and Brill (2017); and Shoham (2006). Most discussions in this chapter are restricted to two-phase flow, with extensions to three-phase flow suggested.

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