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Before considering the behavior of specific logging tools in single-phase flow, some understanding of the nature of the flow itself is necessary. Two factors—whether the flow is laminar or turbulent, and the velocity profile, which is the axial velocity as a function of radial position—affect production logging tools used in single-phase flow, such as spinner flowmeters and radioactive tracers. We will consider single-phase flow in circular and annular geometries, because these are two common configurations encountered in production logging.

Fluid flow is characterized as being either laminar or turbulent, depending on the value of a dimensionless group, the Reynolds number, NRe, defined for a circular geometry as

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