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This chapter describes three categories of specialized well logging: downhole measurements that are concerned with the geometry and integrity of the wellbore; acoustic and electrical imaging of the geological architecture and fabric of the rock system penetrated by the well; and downhole measurements that use the Earth’s gravitational and magnetic fields to infer large-scale changes through density and magnetization, respectively. Although some of these technologies are applied beyond the petroleum industry (e.g., geotechnical studies and hydrogeology), this overview concentrates on their hydrocarbon applications. Each topic has a brief introduction, a description of the principles of each method, a discussion of its practical application, and, in selected cases, an illustrative case history. Fig. 3G.1 summarizes how these specialized logging methods relate to reservoir characteristics and the techniques for measuring them, as presented in Chaps. 3B through 3F and Chap. 4 in this section and Chap. 15 in the Drilling Engineering section of this Handbook .

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