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The successful application of a waterflood project has several components, and knowing the geochemical characteristics of the water source is essential to understanding the rock/fluid interaction phenomena. Water properties are very important components of all exploration, production, refining, and sales activities, which include assessments such as special coreflood experiments to determine fluid compatibility and formation damage, petrophysical studies, flow assurance, and analyses of scaling and corrosion problems.

Fig. 10.1 shows the water cycle process when injecting water for enhanced oil recovery. Having a comprehensive understanding of the water properties to determine the distribution of fluids and increase displacement efficiency is key to optimizing reservoir performance. Multidisciplinary studies are a fundamental part of any successful waterflood field development plan. Managing the produced and injected fluids requires the proper sampling and analysis of the chemical and physical properties of the water.

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