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Oil recovery is a function of the effectiveness of fluid and rock expansion, gas-cap expansion, and water influx. A pressure decline occurs when reservoir fluid withdrawal from a reservoir is greater than the volume replacement by rock, gas, and water expansion. A loss of reservoir pressure also reduces production rates and, ultimately, oil recovery. Gravity segregation provides a more subtle influence on ultimate recovery. Capillary pressure is more of a hindrance than a help.

Water or gas can be injected into the reservoir to replace at least a portion of the fluid lost, to augment pressure and increase ultimate recovery. Both methods have positive and negative aspects:

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