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The physical properties of reservoir fluids have pronounced effects on the suitability of a given reservoir for further development by means of waterflooding. Petroleum crude oils and natural gases are mixtures of hydrocarbon and nonhydrocarbon components. Compositional and phase behavior studies involving petroleum reservoirs generally assume a constant temperature process with a declining reservoir pressure. However, the effects of separation temperature and pressure on the relative gas/liquid volumes of the produced fluids must be considered when developing reservoir-to-surface fluid property relationships.

Hydrocarbon gases often contain quantities of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), and nitrogen (N 2 ). CO 2 and H 2 S are toxic and can cause significant problems in producing equipment, while nitrogen is inert and reduces the heat content of the produced gas.

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