Chapter 3: Formation Stimulation with Reactive Chemicals
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Published:2013
"Formation Stimulation with Reactive Chemicals", Chemistry for Enhancing the Production of Oil and Gas, Wayne W. Frenier, Murtaza Ziauddin
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Formation stimulation, in general, is performed to enhance the property value of the well by causing a faster delivery of the petroleum fluid and/or to increase ultimate economic productivity. These type of treatments can be performed with fluids that react with the formation (the current Chapter 3) or using essentially nonreactive fluids containing solids (propped fracturing: Chapter 4). Reactive stimulation (also widely called acidizing) usually is performed to remove formation damage and blockages (Section 2.3) in the tubing; however, production of a negative skin (S) (see Eq. 1.8) sometimes is possible.
Two different types of reactive fluid stimulation treatments that depend on the pressure applied to the receiving formation are discussed in this chapter. At low pumping rates (Fig. 3.1), the fluid enters and reacts with the formation without fracturing it. At pumping rates that produce pressures above the fracture pressure (Section 1.6.3), the fluid cracks the rock and flows into the fracture channel (note change in slope in Fig. 3.1) where it will also dissolve some of the rock. This is called fracture acidizing and is currently employed only for carbonate formations. More details of the different types of treatments are described in Sections 3.3, 3.5, and 3.8.1.
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