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This chapter covers the many considerations when planning and evaluating a waterflood project. Before the 1970s, most such projects were initiated when an oil reservoir needed artificial fluid-injection support to continue operating because during its primary production period, the pressure had dropped to low levels, production rates significantly declined, and the economic limit was approaching. In the past few decades, determining whether or not to waterflood an oil reservoir was often considered soon after discovery if the reservoir’s rock and oil properties suggested that waterflooding would be advantageous. When developing offshore oil fields, such forethought is necessary to ensure that space for water-injection equipment and adequate water-oil separators are available as platforms are designed and built.

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