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The physical phenomena and processes that result in oil recovery through water displacement are described in this monograph. Waterflooding, as discussed in this monograph, includes both natural water displacement of oil and artificial, or man-made, water displacement of oil. Both displacements involve the same immiscible physical phenomena. Expansion of an aquifer into the oil column as reservoir pressure declines, sometimes referred to as a waterdrive, usually occurs on the periphery and/or from the base of the reservoir. Water injection can mimic this influx, but in most cases it is distributed throughout the reservoir for better pressure maintenance, greater contact, and more-efficient oil recovery from the oil-bearing porous media.

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