"Neutron Logs", Openhole Log Analysis and Formation Evaluation, Richard M. Bateman
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The neutron is a fundamental particle found in the nucleus of all atoms except hydrogen, which contains only a proton. The neutron has approximately the same mass as the proton, but carries no electrical charge. These two properties, small size and electrical neutrality, make it an ideal projectile for penetrating matter. Neutrons pass through brick walls and steel plates with the greatest of ease. They can pass through steel casing and also penetrate rocks. It was logical, therefore, that they should find a place in the arsenal of logging tools. Over the years, a number of logging tools have appeared that rely on one or another of the many possible ways that the neutron can interact with matter. To understand these different tools fully, a review of some aspects of nuclear physics is required.
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