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The density of a formation is one of the most important pieces of data in formation evaluation. In the majority of the wells drilled, it is used as the primary indicator of porosity. In combination with other measurements, data from a formation density log may also be used to indicate lithology and formation-fluid type.

A conventional compensated density log is shown in Fig. 17.1, with the value of formation bulk density (ρb) in Tracks 2 and 3. The most frequently used scales are either 2.0 to 3.0 g/cm3 or 1.95 to 2.95 g/cm3 across two tracks. A correction curve, Δρ, is sometimes displayed in Track 3 or, less frequently, in Track 2. Gamma ray and caliper curves usually appear in Track 1.

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