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Acid fracturing is a stimulation technique in which acid is injected at pressures above the parting pressure of the formation, so that a hydraulic fracture is created. Usually, a viscous pad fluid is injected ahead of the acid to initiate the fracture, then plain acid, gelled acid, foamed acid, or an emulsion containing acid is injected. Fracture conductivity is created by the acid differentially etching the walls of the fracture; that is, the acid reacts nonuniformly with the fracture walls so that, after closure, the fracture props itself open, with the relatively undissolved regions acting as pillars that leave more dissolved regions as open channels. Thus, acid fracturing is an alternative to the use of proppants to create fracture conductivity after closure. The fracturing process itself is identical to that implemented with proppant fracturing.

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