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In any acid stimulation treatment, proper placement of the acid is critical to the success of the treatment. If the acid is not directed to the intended interval, the treatment objective, which is production or injection improvement, may be missed altogether. The delivery of stimulation fluids to the target destination is largely dictated by the completion design. So, for example, the challenge of proper placement is compounded in horizontal wells, which often contain a potentially producing (or injecting) interval covering several hundred feet or even thousands of feet.

Moreover, diversion in carbonates is generally more difficult than in sandstones because of the ability of the highly reactive hydrochloric acid (HCl) to dramatically increase permeability in carbonate rock. The acid reacts in the pore spaces and flow channels of the matrix, creating greater paths of least resistance that can counteract acid placement efforts.

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