Chapter 4: Carbonate Acidizing
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Published:2016
Frank F. Chang, H. Scott Fogler, "Carbonate Acidizing", Acid Stimulation, Syed A. Ali, Leonard Kalfayan, Carl T. Montgomery
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Hydrocarbon productivity of a well drilled in carbonate reservoirs can be enhanced by injecting acids into the reservoir to dissolve part of the rock mass, thereby increasing the effective drainage radius of the well. The techniques of injection acid can be generally divided into two categories. The first category involves injecting fluids at injection rates high enough to result in the downhole pressure being above the fracturing pressure of the formation. This process, called fracture acidizing, creates cracks extending from the wellbore out into the formation with acid-etched patterns on the faces of the cracks. The second category involves lower acid-injection rates so that the resulting downhole pressure is lower than the fracture pressure of the formation. Acids are forced to percolate through the porous structure and dissolve the soluble portion of the rock. This process, called matrix acidizing, creates branched channels intersecting the wellbore to remove near-wellbore damage caused by drilling, completion, and previous production processes or to extend the effective wellbore radius to achieve negative skin. Fracture acidizing is discussed in another chapter of this monograph, so this chapter will focus only on carbonate matrix acidizing.
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