Murtaza Ziauddin, "Acidizing Chemistry", Acid Stimulation, Syed A. Ali, Leonard Kalfayan, Carl T. Montgomery
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This chapter focuses on the chemical and reaction engineering concepts common to both matrix and fracture acidizing treatments. Reactive fluids are injected in both treatments; however, the role played by these fluids in each treatment is different. In fracture acidizing, reactive fluids are injected to initiate and propagate a hydraulic fracture in the reservoir. The leakoff of the reactive fluid from the fracture is minimized, and the reactivity of fluid is tuned so that it is sufficient to etch the fracture face but not too rapid to spend entirely near the wellbore. In matrix acidizing treatments, the reactive fluid is injected at pressures below the fracture pressure. Matrix treatments in sandstone reservoirs require a careful balance of dissolution and precipitation reactions. They are designed to remove near-wellbore formation damage by dissolution. However, precipitation reactions often follow the dissolution reactions, and these have to be minimized for the treatment to be successful. Matrix treatments in carbonate reservoirs are designed so that the acid is placed at sufficient rates and volumes across all zones, creating wormholes (dissolution channels) that extend deep in the reservoir.
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