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The goal of understanding the corrosion processes in a variety of pipelines and facilities is to be able to predict and then interdict significant failures. The next sections (3.1 and 3.2) review the chemistry as well as specific manifestations of pipeline/facility internal corrosion. Corrosion processes and corrosion product scales greatly affect flow assurance (FA) problems, described in Chapter 4, and the solids that are not corrosion products also affect various corrosion manifestations (Section 3.2).

External corrosion of pipelines is not the subject of this book, but useful information is available in publications by Heidersbach (2011), the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) (2011), and Byars (1999). In addition, more details than can be provided here on general corrosion technologies may be found in several basic science and engineering texts. Fontana (1986) provided lucid explanations of the electrochemical corrosion reactions of metals and provided specific engineering information. Nešić (2007) described corrosion chemistry, water chemistry (scale), and effects of flow conditions, steel, and chemical additives on corrosion attacks. Dugstad et al. (1994) reviewed in particular the issues with corrosion under conditions of multiphase flow, and a committee report by NACE International (NACE 61114 2014) described test methods to study underdeposit corrosion (UDC). Additional details related to specific areas of oil/gas corrosion are in books by Heidersbach (2011), NACE (2011), Byars (1999), and Peabody (2001).

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