Skip to Main Content

Advertisement

Skip Nav Destination

Hydraulic fracturing is the process of pumping a fluid into a wellbore at an injection rate too high for the formation to accept in a radial flow pattern. As resistance to flow in the formation increases, the pressure in the wellbore increases to a value that exceeds the breakdown pressure of the formation adjacent and open to the wellbore. Once the formation breaks down, a crack or fracture is formed, and the injected fluid begins moving down the fracture. In most formations, a single, vertical fracture is created that propagates in two directions from the wellbore. These fracture wings are 180° apart and normally are assumed to be identical in shape and size at any point in time. In naturally fractured or cleated formations, such as gas shales or coal seams, multiple fractures can be created and propagated during a hydraulic fracturing treatment.

You do not currently have access to this chapter.
Don't already have an account? Register
Close Modal

or Register

Close Modal
Close Modal