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Chapter 9 addressed wellbore fluid flow situations involving single- and two-phase fluids. The attendant heat transfer is implicit in these formulations. This chapter explores applications of some of those principles concerning well integrity and safety considerations. Specifically, we discuss (1) annular pressure buildup (APB) arising from induced heat transfer because of fluid flow in the tubing string, (2) sustained casing pressure (SCP) from fluid influx into the annulus by way of leakage through poor cement bond and/or corroded tubing, and (3) liquid influx into the annulus through the gas lift valve upon depressurization of the annular gas.. In all cases, we present a brief account of the appropriate modeling considerations and field examples illustrating how safety issues can be quantified and mitigated to stay within safe, operable limits.

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