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When production of fluids occurs from moderate- to high-temperature (> 300°F) reservoirs, considerable heat exchange takes place between the fluid and its surroundings. This flow condition is further exacerbated in an offshore, deepwater producing environment as fluids are transported through segments of cold seawater and air in the riser. Whereas Chapter 6 deals with the steady-state fluid flow, which is accompanied by unsteady-state heat flow, here we consider modeling of unsteady-state fluid flow and heat flow processes.

Transient flows of mass, momentum, and energy occur whenever the coupled wellbore/reservoir system is perturbed either by design or inadvertently. By perturbation, we mean changes in volumetric flow rates. Multipoint drawdown and buildup tests are cases in point. These transport processes are also coupled such that change in one influences the other two. For example, temperature change in the wellbore fluid affects fluid density and viscosity, which changes pressure gradient. This pressure change will, in turn, influence fluid flow.

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