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Most installations for petroleum production and testing involve concurrent flow of gas and liquid. A schematic of the overall production system is shown in Fig. 2.1. The reservoir fluid, entering the wellbore, may contain all three phases (gas, oil, and water), in which case, multiphase flow starts at the perforations. However, gas often enters the wellbore in solution with the oil. Gas comes out as a separate phase only when fluid moves up enough for the pressure to drop below the bubblepoint pressure, thus leading to gas/liquid two-phase flow. In a favorable system, the entire fluid mixture may flow freely to the wellhead through a vertical or directional wellbore and then onto the separator through a horizontal or near-horizontal flowline.

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