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Declining oil production might be caused by

Waterflooding can yield incremental production when primary recovery is not very efficient. Injecting water to augment reservoir pressure and push oil toward the pressure sink of a completion is the common method for increasing recovery from pressure-depleting reservoirs. Water injected into the reservoir or into the aquifer downdip of the reservoir increases reservoir energy by replacing fluids withdrawn in primary recovery and repressurizing the system.

However, constant vigilance is required to monitor waterflood operations because of the organic nature of the process. Interaction between producing- and injection- well patterns, physical plant capacity, and complex reservoir geology encourages a constantly changing atmosphere. Maximizing waterflood efficiency is predicated on the assumption of constant surveillance. Compromising on this assumption can lead to bad results.

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