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Fractured horizontal well completions are commonly implemented to develop very-low-permeability rocks containing organic-rich shale, siltstones, and fine-grained sand in clastic and carbonate reservoirs. These potentially productive sediments are often identified as “shales” even though they are composed of a variety of rock types. The alternative term “mud-rock” is also used to emphasize the very small grain size. Hydrocarbons are formed in place and must contain the correct combination of kerogen type, maturity level, shale type, source rock average total organic content, geomechanical properties, silica content, sufficient porosity, net pay and permeability to produce oil and gas commercially.

Both the geological setting and the reservoir fluid flow dynamics affect recovery and performance of these multiple-fractured horizontal well completions. The following discussion considers the various aspects for evaluating the potential for these reservoir types.

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