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The following discussion develops ideas about editing and upgrading field oil, gas, and water production data. Subjects discussed are

Horner (1951) demonstrated that an equivalent material balance time (tp) was useful when calculating production decline behavior for the variable-flow-rate case. Palacio and Blasingame (1993) included the material balance time (tmb) concept that is equivalent to the venerable Horner time definition in their formative work. These definitions were coalesced to a single definition “pseudo production time (tp) for the following discussions.

(3.1)

The approximation is intuitive, does not have a theoretical basis, and works best when rate changes are small and short-lived. Many investigators applied this approximation because of the simplicity of the calculation procedure and its smoothing abilities.

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