... is restricted to an abstract of not more than 200 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgement of where and by whom the paper was presented. ABSTRACT: A fracture is a quasi-planar discontinuity that may develop a non-zero aperture and thus create a void space...

... progress has been made in the development of complex fracture models to address the needs for more suitable tools than the conventional models. A technique that has been developed to model fracture propagation is the Continuous Approximation of Strong Discontinuities, which introduces a special kinematics...