... consuming, low temperature and pressure processes for producing ultra low sulphur fuels. Non-conventional approaches for ultra low sulphur fuels (ULSF) belong either to oxidative or to selective adsorption routes. In oxidative routes, biodesulfurization (BOS) involving specialized bacteria and oxidation...

... Abstract: The determination of Sulphur in fuels (diesel and petrol) by means of EDXRF is a standard method of modern analysis. New environmental regulations require a constant improvement of the detection sensitivity. The analytical instrument the SPECTRO XEPOS has a detection limit...

... Downstream Oil & Gas feedstock steam cracker refinery Petrochemical Steam Cracker petrochemical complex forum 9 cracker constraint basell sulphur naphtha specification pyga steam cracker feed Cologne motor gasoline single stage hydrocracker Abstract Steam Crackers...

... specification fuel specification air emission gasoline sulphur benzene new millenium blendstock refinery refining Downstream Oil & Gas GTL technology natural gas meet future specification application hydrocarbon Apllication forum 9 conventional refinery cetane number...

... significantly. One of the main targets is a further reduction of the ozone precursors-volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides, the air toxics and the greenhouse gases to reduce the Greenhouse effect. Worldwide trends as regards the fuels are: Unleaded gasoline, a reduction of sulphur, benzene...

... into technically an oil shale complex reservoir shale oil Queensland shale new fuel Stuart stuart stage 1 Suncor joint venture spp cpm Australia Upstream Oil & Gas Oil Shale Deposit operation stuart joint venture deposit ATP sulphur oil shale resource shale resource SHALE OIL...

... Abstract. New diesel specifications, particularly those expected beyond 2005, will introduce limitations on a number of diesel properties, other than sulphur, like poly-aromatics or total aromatics content, cetane number/cetane index, back-end distillation temperatures and density. Possible...

... Downstream Oil & Gas GTL technology shell middle disitllate synthesis synthesis LNG specification sulphur global solution international bv gas monetization catalyst SMD Commercialisation liquified natural gas investment information shell middle distillate synthesis shell...

... Abstract. This paper begins by reviewing the Claus/ modified-Claus processes which have been the workhorse for sulphur recovery in gas processing plants and refineries. Then, the paper discusses the modifications and additions made to the process in order to improve the sulphur recovery from...

... Abstract. Naphthas obtained from coking and thermal cracking processes contain substantial amounts of unsaturated hydrocarbons, oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen compounds and are characterised by low RON octane. The paper presents an original method (CICLOROM) for upgrading the coking naphthas...

... main issues: increasing production of heavy crudes, with a higher sulphur, nitrogen and contaminants content; increasing demand of low (1% wt) and extra low (0.3% wt) sulphur fuel oil, versus a strong reduction of high sulphur fuel oil; increasing demand of light and middle distillates; better...

... prevent the degradation of the environment. In the Gas Sweetening Process (Hydrogen Sulphide Removal) at ONGC Hazira, the separated Hydrogen Sulphide is oxidised to Sulphur by the Locat process of ARI Technologies Inc. USA. Due to continuous production of bi-carbonate, thiosulphate and Sulphate...

... the environmental impact of vehicles and associated oil products. Against such a background the paper reviews the environmentally-driven changes that have taken place over the years to a wide variety of oil products. These improvements include the removal of lead from gasoline, the development of low sulphur...

... Abstract. The deep reduction of sulphur and aromatics contents of middle distillates are required to qualify them as environmentally friendly. We have developed very flexible hydrotreating process schemes and new catalysts able to produce clean middle distillates and to satisfy the most...

... standards and also increasing proportions of unleaded gasoline. The investment cost of these projects was approximately U.S.$300 million. The quality requirements for motor gasolines in some respects such as sulphur and benzene content exceeds West European norms. Hungary is taking steps to ensure...

... Abstract. Combustion in compression ignition engines is affected by fuel quality and engine design. This paper deals with the effects on exhaust emissions of fuels having reduced end boiling point and/or reduced sulphur and aromatics content with respect to typical present day fuels. Both...

... of natural gas. This paper reviews the latest advances in natural gas processing and indicates trends for the 1990s. Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) recovery, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Dehydration, Treating, Sulphur recovery and the application of computer-based systems for process control and optimization...

... in which organic matter accumulates, it is possible t o predict the range of kerogen types, oil compositions and biological marker compounds that might be expected. In clastic marine environments Type II kerogens yield paraffinic-naphthenic oils, but as the clastic content diminishes, the sulphur content...

... bitumen feedstock synthetic crude oil sand Downstream Oil & Gas fuel oil transportation fuel asset and portfolio management gasoline liquid production cost fraction sulphur economics shale oil complex reservoir Petroleum Crude crude requirement Upgrading naphtha refining scheme...

... high concentrations of contaminants, such as sulphur, nitrogen and metals. The viscosity factor represents an obstacle to transportation, but solutions to this are possible, either in the form of dilution or limited conversion to achieve pipelineability. Examination of the various factors influencing...