... to lighter hydrocarbons has got attention. The supply structure of petroleum sources (crudes) is also becoming more diversified owing to remarkable developments in exploring and retrieving technologies. Refineries must become flexible to these changes with regard to both the demand and supply sides...

... environmental impact energy resource greenhouse gas emission functional unit biofuel Carbon Footprint water consumption consumption air emission crude American Chemical Society Life Cycle Assessment emission climate change LCA environmental science life cycle GHG emission F09 Reducing...

...20th World Petroleum Congress, Doha 2011 Forum 12: New refinery technologies to meet feedstock flexibility, transportation fuel demand and quality © World Petroleum Council Maximising Refinery Processing of Opportunity Crudes Whilst Ensuring Production of a Flexible Slate of Quality Products Mr...

...20th World Petroleum Congress, Doha 2011 Forum 15: Heavy oil and residue upgrading © World Petroleum Council Global Heavy Crude Oil Outlook to 2030 Mrs Kristine Klavers, Hart Energy, USA Mrs Laura Atkins, Hart Energy, USA Abstract The 2009 global recession, which reduced oil demand and created...

... the local wastewater treatment plant. 20th World Petroleum Congress, Doha 2011 Forum 22: Managing water in upstream and downstream operations © World Petroleum Council When crude arrives at a refinery, it often carries entrained water that remains from the oil well extraction process. This water...

... and a very viscous (tar-like) hydrocarbon termed bitumen. Canada s oil sands are variously described as petroleum that exists in the semi-solid or solid phase in natural deposits. Bitumen is a thick, sticky form of crude oil, so heavy and viscous that it will not flow unless heated or diluted with lighter...

...) ? Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) The recovered bitumen may be upgraded at the plant site or diluted and sent through pipelines for production of synthetic crude. Bitumen and Heavy Oil are deficient in hydrogen, compared to typical crude oils. Upgrading is the process that changes bitumen...

... ABSTRACT At the current price levels of conventional crude oils, there is a renewed interest in nonconventional hydrocarbon sources that could serve as feedstocks to existing or modified refineries. The most prominent representatives of such feedstocks are extra-heavy crude oils and syncrudes...

... at the interface of two catalysts. The size grading between catalysts is achieved mainly by controlling size and shape of catalysts. Another factor considered in the developing of RHT technology and related catalysts is the source and properties of resid feed. Some of the crudes are rich in sulfur, vanadium...

... in 1945 to 130 MBPD today. Another question: "Where will the refinery of the future be located?" In the olden days, refineries were located near the product markets and crude was transported to the refinery. With the rise of National Oil Companies, new refineries were built in countries where the oil...

... separation and treating subsea system residence time Upstream Oil & Gas crude application separation system installation production unit Campos Basin Petrobras water depth strategic program heating system heavy oil Deepwater Field development rfp platform riser operation...

... air emission optimization Gtoe molecular modeling Reservoir Characterization motor fuel engine Gasoline Engine hydrogen consumption catalyst crude motor industry storage recovery rate Upstream Oil & Gas co 2 vehicle natural gas combustion RFP10 - Shaping the future...

... Abstract. Many different types of crude oils are extracted from Mexican wells and mixed to produce commercial mixtures that are well known and highly demanded in the export market. These mixtures are also used as feed in Mexican refineries. However, to make the best out of our refineries...

...) at an average level of about 30 percent of the crude oil feedstock. In the near future, increased refinery deep conversion capacity has the potential to provide major benefits in meeting the increasing demand for light products with the environmental requirements thus optimising the use of a more and more...

... Abstract There is a direct correlation among Marlim crude, the Delayed Coking Unit and PETROBRAS, owner of huge crude oil reserves in deep water reservoirs, from which the giant Marlim field stands out. Processing growing volumes of crudes with such deep-water characteristics has set...

... Abstract Fluid Catalytic Cracking is renowned as the most complex and profitable process in the refining industry, being continuously upgraded since its dawn, in 1942. PETROBRAS Advanced Converter - PACRC- has been developed aiming to process atmospheric residue from Brazilian crude, which has...

... Abstract. The SINCOR Project was authorized in 1993 by the Venezuelan Congress as a Strategic Association with Maraven in order to develop, exploit and upgrade the extra heavy oil of the Orinoco Belt, and to market the synthetic crude (syncrude). TOTALFINA ELF and its Partners chose to perform...

... of Brazilian heavy crude from Campos basin. In this scenario the Strategic Refining Technology Program, PROTER, was created to tackle this problem. The main goal of the program is to develop new technologies or optimize the existing ones for the refining of domestic heavy oil in an economical way. The project...

... Abstract: The year 2010 + refinery will be market driven and will have to face with continous features: a more stringent fuel reformulation (sulphur, aromatics, ...), severe environmental limitations for operations, and in view alternative transportation fuel breakthroughs. Crude supply...

... Abstract. Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA) and his International partners are heavily involved in the design and construction of facilities to produce and process the extensive Orinoco Oil Belt extra heavy crude reserves and convert them into Synthetic crude oil of different qualities...