... advantages on economic, environmental and strategic safety considerations. The inventories are used to mitigate economic supply disruptions. The crude oil storage alternatives include Salt and Rock caverns, while for natural gas storage, depleted reservoirs, deep aquifers and salt caverns are used. Though...

... Abstract The planning and operation of caverns must be subject to government regulations. The legislation should be comprehensive and independent from the right to exploit the salt deposit. For reasons relating to environmental protection, caverns should be established in unpopulated areas...

... In his introduction the CHAIRMAN pointed out the increasing importance of the underground storage of fluids and gases, especially in oil and gas importing countries. In the United States there are about 600 caverns with 30 million m3 storage capacity. In Europe more than 200 caverns have been...

... Abstract When the erection of large storage capacity for crude oil or products becomes necessary, conventionally built tanks are about three times more expensive than underground storage in salt deposits. The creation of a cavern field of finally 3.6 million m3 near Hamburg is described...

... pressures on core samples in the laboratory. Other new storage developments include frozen earth pits for liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Mined caverns in various types of rock formations and cavities leached from underground salt deposits are being used to store natural gas...

... Abstract Résumé Mined cavern storage for liquefied natural gas (LNG)l has been under active development for many years in several countries. Described are the efficient mining techniques that renewed U.S. interest in caverns as a storage system by making them economically competitive...