SYNOPSIS.

Shaly formati'ons often are a source of trouble in oil well drilling as aresult of their leaning to deformation. and caving. Whilst this unstable behaviour of shales appears to be a rather complex phenomenon: its main cause should probably be sought in the disturbance of pressure equilibriu, m which is created by the drillin, g of a hole through them. To a greater extent than other rocks shaly formations are likely to yield to pressure differentials, as a result of their inherent plasticity or clasticity. Whilst a cert ain degree of unstability th, us appears to be a natural quality of all clays and shales, certain shale rocks rrt greater depth' may prove to be particularly troublesome as a result of excessive fluid pressures prevailing in their pores or cracks. Serious complications which may arise from this shale unstability can bat be a.voided by the application of th, e proper drilling technique coupled to the use of amud -flush having special and rigidly balanced properties. The exact requirements in regard to some of these latter are better known as yet from field experiences than from theory. Further research on this subject might well lead to still better muds and safer deep drilling.

RgOSUMg.

Les formations argileuses sont frPquemment des sources de diflicul26s dans les forages petroli.ers par suite de leur tendance a la deformation et a l'iboulement. Bien que cette instabilitk des couches argileuses semble etre un phCnom6ne complexe, il faut probablement en chercher la cause essertielle dans la rupture de 1'6quilibre de pression provoqu6e par leur transpercement. Plus que toute autre formation, rocheuse, les formation, s argileuses sont susceptibles de ceder a un dinerentiel de pression, vu la plasticit6 ou la clasticit6 qui leur est propre. Un certain degr6 d'instabilitd s'avkrant tout nature1 chez toutes les argiles et tous les schistes, il y a cependant des roches argileuses a de plus grandes profondeurs qui peuvent se r6veler particulidrement genantes a la suite d 'un excds de pression regnant dans le fluide conienu dans leurs pores ou fissures. Les sirieuses complications qui peuvent risulter de cette instabilit6 des argiles et des schistes s'kvitent le mieux par l'application d 'un mode de forage appropri6 combine iivec l'emploi d'une boue de forage ayant des propriktks spPciales et minutieusement Pquilibrees. Jusqu'd p rbent, c'est plutdt l'exphience des champs pe'troliferes que la thkorie scientifique qui a indiqui les propriCb6s dont on a exactement besoin. Des recherches dans ce domaine pourront bien mener Ci la composition d e boues de forage encore meilleures perrnettant des forages en profondeur avec moins de risques.

RIASSUNTO.

A causa della lor0 tendenza a deformarsi e a dare form

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