Control of nanophenomena in geological formations, fields fluids and production equipment in oil and gas industry are known as technologies of their regulation (nanotechnologies). Some ways for increasing of oil-andgas recovery are described: regulation of injected reagents ionic component, influence on the oil-and-gas layers by physical fields resulting in change of balance in system «oil-gas-water-rock», and others nanotechnologies which use for increases efficiency of oil-and-gas reserves operation (include gashydrate).
The analysis of the nanomineral complexes geometry change in oil formation is carried out. Our studies reveal that the control of the above nanocomlexes can increase oil recovery of oil field due to change of the capillary hysteresis value and clay minerals specific behaviour at water flooding.
Classification of ?OR/IOR-nanotechnologies by their effect on oil reservoirs, examples of laboratory and field test some ?OR/IOR-nanotechnologies efficiency estimations, prospects of oil&gas nanoindustry are given.
Oil has entered into our life so deep that cost of a barrel of oil is announced daily alongside with common weather forecast. And it is clear - power engineering and petrochemistry became the basis of well-being of many countries and their citizens.
Therefore, the world society is interested in good prospects of oil extraction. However, these prospects depend significantly on amount of financial investments into fundamental researches of properties of oil reservoirs and oil-field fluids, into creation of new efficient technologies and elements of oil-field equipment.
There is much information about special features of processes of reservoir drive, but conventional understanding of a role of fundamental research in these processes has been not developed yet. It is enough to mention that the basic equations of processes of oil displacement from oil stratums are traditionally grounded on foundations of continuum mechanics, in which so-called «boundary phenomena» (which indeed are nanoscale phenomena) are considered as negligible. These equations work well in pipe hydraulics, in high-size filters and rectifying columns, in high-permeability stratums. As to low-permeability oil-saturated porous mediums, during the last years it is became more and more clear that high recovery factor can be achieved only when decreasing capillary forces keeping oil in rock pores. Here, fundamental knowledge in the area of physics-chemistry and nanomineralogy, and ability to use this knowledge for recovery factor calculation are required.
Why «nano»-mineralogy? Because structural elements of surface of pores have nanoscale characteristic dimensions. We have solid grounds to use the cult prefix «nano» here. Textbooks on physics of oil and gas stratums considered physical-chemical problems of oil recovery from the point of view of physics, for example, they mentioned influence of capillary forces. But, at the same time, formulas and schemes for calculation of a recovery factor implied use of continuum mechanics instead of physics and chemistry.
In general, problems leading to a low recovery factor were mentioned (alongside with problems of insufficient oil resources), but correlation of nanoscale effects with macro-dimensional volumes of oil was not taken into account. But after all, this situation is similar to samples from classical mathematics, when one small parameter significantly influences not only a solution of a certain equation, but also its principle features.
General modern interest to oil is based on research of macroeconomists (N. D. Kondratyev) in the area of technological foundations of economic crises. First of all, people create a science connected with new scientific prospects; this period lasts 10–15 years. After that, the stage of development of prototypes takes place - during the next 10-15 years. At last, the third stage - penetration of new technologies into real economy - takes the same time. In the Figure 1, dynamics of innovations in different technological areas (according to Kondratyev's cycles of economic activity) is represented.
