Pipeline transportation is very economical. The total length of main pipelines is continuously growing.
Their diameter exceeds 1 meter. Centrifugal electrically and gas driven machines with capacity over 10,000 KW are widely spread. Automation and computers considerably increased the capacity of pipeline transportation. The metal consumption of pipelines is reduced. The pipeline design and performance continuously improve. Transportation of oil products by successive pumping is developing; the application of separators increases its efficiency. The technology of high viscous oils pumping with the application of heating, surface-active substances and by hydrotransportation is improved.
Pipeline transportation is used beyond the limits of the oil and gas industry; it is also used for coal and ore transporting; grains and other dry materials will be transported by pipeline in the near future.
Le transport par pipeline est très économique.
L'étendue des grandes s'allonge continuellement.
Le damètre de ces conduites dépasse 1 metre. Des machines centrifuges à l'entrainement par moteur électrique et turbine à gaz de capacité 1O.ûOû kw et encore plus se répandent largement.
Automatisation et des calculatrices ont considé- rablement augmenté l'efficacité du transport de pipeline. La quantité du métal nécessaire pour les conduites diminue de plus en plus.
On perfectionne toujours les calculs des conduites du pétrole et du gaz, ainsi que leurs régimes de fonctionnement. Se développe le pompage successif des produits differents, l'application des séparateurs augmente son efficacité économique. La technologie de pompage des pétroles à haute viscosité avec pré- chauffage, substances actives de surface, hydrotransport de perfectionne.
Le transport par conduite dépasse des cardes de l'industrie du gaz et du pétrole. On l'emploie de même dans le transport de la houille, de mineral.
Le temps est proche où par les conduites seront transportés le grain et autres matiéres seches.
The following review is prepared by the members of the Chair of Oil and Gas Transportation and Storage at the Moscow Institute of Petrochemical and Gas Industry (U.S.S.R.). It is based upon the analysis and correlation of data published by technical periodicals.
As we do not dispose of sufficient information available in many countries on the problem under consideration, our review cannot elucidate all the aspects of pipeline transportation, but it will deal with the most characteristic of them that reflect common trends of development in this means of transportation, The development of pipeline transportation is closely connected with oil production and the increase of demand for oil products. In 1825 Russia produced by S. G. SHCHERBAKOV, Moscow Institute of Petrochemical and Gas Industry, U.S.S.R. 3,500 tons of oil. North America started producing oil in 1859. Th
