In this paper, an attempt is made to (a) estimate the magnitude of the actual loss o/ petroleum and petroleum products between the well-head and the consumer, (b) isolate these losses by each major phase of the operation, (c) indicate the sources of individual losses in each phase, and (d) propose certain basic principles for the control of oil losses in crude oil production, transportation, and refining, and in the distribution ancl sale of the refined products. Some methods used to reduce losses are discussed and some ideas on how to organize a program for effective action are presented for consideration. It is hoped that this paper might make some small contribution to the petroleum industnj's efjorts to conserve a limited natural resource, i. e. crude oil and the products thereof. RÉSUM~. Ce mémoire tente d'évaluer l'importance des pertes réelles de pétrole et de produits du pétrole pendant le passage du puits au consommateur; de localiser ces pertes pendant les différentes phases de l'opération; d'indiquer les sources de peTte pour chacune de ces phases; de posw certains principes basilaires pour le contrôle des pertes de pbtrole au cours des difjérentes opérations de production de l'huile brute, de transport, de rafl;"nage, de distribution, de vente des produits ramnés. Le mé- moire discute d'un certain nombre de méthodes employées pour réduire les pertes et expose quelques idées sur l'organisation d'un programme d'action emcace. Il espère apporter une modeste contribution aux efforts faits par l'industrie pétrolière pour conserver dans toute la mesure du possible l'infégritê des ressources naturelles assez limitées constituées par l'huile brute et ses dérivés.
Viene esaminata In possibilità di calcolare l'entitù delle perdite effettive di petrolio grezzo e derivati, dal pozzo al consumatore, di isolare queste perdite in ogni fase importante delle varie operazioni e di indicare le cause di perdite in ogni fase. Si propongono poi dei principi fondamentali per ridurre le perdite nelle fasi di produzione, trasporto, raffinazione del grezzo e distribuzione e vendita dei prodotti finiti. Vengono discussi alcuni metodi adottati per ridurre le perdite e vengono prese in esame alcune idee sull'organizzazione di un eflcace programma d'azione. Si spera che la memoria possa dare un sia pur piccolo contributo agli sforzi dell'industria del petrolio per conservare una preziosa e limitata risorsa naturale. il petrolio ed i suoi derivati. (*) Esso Standard Oil Company, New York 19, New York, USA.
Proceedings 4th W. P. C. - Section VIZI 1. 2 PROCEEDINGS FOURTH WORLD PETROLEUM CONGRESS-SECTION VIII/-4
It has been estimated that for every 100 gallons of crude oil removed from the reservoir, only about 97 gallons are usefully consumed.
The remainder, or about 3 yo, is lost somewhere between the well head and the consumer. Fig. 1
