RESUME

A pr ès avoir résumé ies idées modernes Eoncernant la structure des argiles et les lois générales de l'échange des bases, l'auteur indique dans quelles mesures les ùascs renzplacohles de l 'argik contenue dans des boues de forage, peuvent en modifier les propriétés.

L ne connaissancs des bases échangeables est indispensable pour indiquer le premier tratlemend à faire subir. à la matière brute en vue d'améliorer ses qualités de boue, et prévoir les effels des ~rr 'aeiifs SUT la boue. Les réactions d'échanges de base prennent une imporlance ptrrticulièrt! dulls les problèmes TelatijP ù la peplisaiion des marnes ou des argiles schislzuses.

SUMMARY

A fkr svmmarizin.g modern tieius of the structure of clays and the qeneral nature of ùase exchange renctinns. the paper indicates the wau in which exchanqenble bases of the clay o r shale in miifs inîliiance their behaviour. A knoroledpe of the exdaangralilr bases is usefzil in indjcating preliminary treatment likely to improve the mud -making qualities of the raw material. and in predicfinq the effect of reagenfs on the muds. Rase exchange reactions may br especiully imporiaiit in problems associated with heaving shales.

AUSZUG N achdem der Vcrfasser die modernen Anschauungen fiber die Struktur der Tone und die allgemeinen Gesetze des Basenaustausches zusammengefasst hat, stellt er dar, inwiefern die austauschföhigen Rasen des in den Bohrschliimmen enthaltenen Tones dessen Eigen,- schadten VernndeTn kiinncn. Es ist nötig die Austauschfühigen Basen zu kennen um a, ngehen z u k önnen, wie der RohstofJ zunächst zu behandeln ist, um die Eig, enschaften des Schlammes zu VeTbeSSeTn und die Wirkung der betreffenden Rlelcirol?jten auf den Schlamm VOTaUShes timmen zu k önnen. Die Wirkungen des Basenaustaughes sind besonders wichtig in den Problemen der Aufldsung der Schierfertone. i I I. -

Introduction

A. The Claq Crystal 1. Research work on drilling .mud@ has benefited 3. The chemical and physical nature of ciays still considerably from work done on soils and in the ceramic appears very complex but recent work, chiefly bv X-ray industry. Studies of the physical properties of cllays and analvses, lias eliiridated many of the more fundnmciital soils have been of advantage in various branches of problems. It is now believed that the fraction of day Wok on drilling muds (I), particulanly in suggesting which is of sub-microscopic, i.e. colloidla$, dimensions suitable tests for comparing different muds, and the consjsts of small, flat, plate-like crystals, and this form recent investigations of the chemical properties of clays can be closelv correlated with the lattire-like strucliire a nd soils ase similarly of value in connection with the assigne! to the cLaj7 and with the properties of cliIJ7 preparation and treatment of mud. Of particular interest suspensions. is the typ

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