... on land before takmg units offshore for mstallation, and that only m a 1 assembly of pieces be requlred subsea Examples of subsea construction activities mclude well templates, ma~ufolds, pipelmes, multiple flowhes, anchor foundations, use of divers and remotely operated vehicles Prospects for the future...

... caisson mth four 12 m diameter internal pipes whch are used as supports and guides for the umbhcals dunng the pulling operation "1 ft = 30 5 cm 66 ADVANCES IN UNDERWATER TECHNOLOGY ELEVATION ON LINE '0' Fig. 2 Claymore (Scapa) general arrangement of J-tube nser It was requlred that the J-tube nser...

... of developing fields m deepwater or marginal fields became, if not unpractical, then certainly less financially attractive It is usually cost-effective for an operator to begin production at the earliest opportunity, because recovery of capital outlay cannot commence until the first gas or oil flows. Earlier...

... line to bridge the measured gap. flexlble flowlme operation flexible flowline subsea dynatech ltd piping design flowlme spool piece sea bed water depth laylng vessel installation construction containment north sea flowline laymg vessel whch flange piping simulation upstream...

... with greater capability were the most cost-effective method of mstalla- tion However, when very hostile waters such as the northern North Sea were encountered even the more sophisticated monohull crane vessels found it took a whole season to complete a major installation As operators could not afford...

... quality plan certification quality requirement procedure weld objective vendor quality assurance engmeer customer operation whch manufacture quality control documentation requirement supplier subsea system upstream oil & gas specification responsibility Quality...

... operation water depth launcher wide pile tugger Developments in subsea piling R Martln, Anchortech Ltd INTRODUCTION T h s chapter is concerned w t h the suitability of long and w d e pdes for different subsea applications A bnef overview of the develop- ment of large hammers for dnvmg long jacket...

... study was to examne all the problems and determine whether it was possible to produce a suitable envlronment on the sea bed in which a cable jomt could be made on a high-voltage cable The pnme requirement was for trained and expenenced cable jomters to be able to operate in thelr normal envlronment...