...) pipeline resistance factor soil resistance roughness strength soft clay backfill friction angle interface relative roughness resistance interaction soil response upstream oil & gas pipeline embedment offshore pipeline embedment undrained condition displacement consolidation lateral...

... ABSTRACT In most offshore design projects, in situ penetrometer tests are first correlated with element test data in order to assess a suitable resistance factor, so that effectively the absolute value of penetration resistance is not used directly. However, given the difficulty in obtaining...